Overall Expectations
D. Energy Changes and Rates of Reaction
D1. analyse technologies and chemical processes that are based on energy changes, and evaluate them in terms of their efficiency and their effects on the environment;
D2. investigate and analyse energy changes and rates of reaction in physical and chemical processes, and solve related problems;
D3. demonstrate an understanding of energy changes and rates of reaction.
D1. analyse technologies and chemical processes that are based on energy changes, and evaluate them in terms of their efficiency and their effects on the environment;
D2. investigate and analyse energy changes and rates of reaction in physical and chemical processes, and solve related problems;
D3. demonstrate an understanding of energy changes and rates of reaction.
Specific Expectations (for Rates of Reaction only)
D1.2 analyse the conditions (e.g., temperature, pressure, presence of a catalyst) required to maximize the efficiency of some common natural or industrial chemical reactions (e.g., decomposition, combustion, neutralization), and explain how the improved efficiency of the reaction contributes to environmental sustainability [AI, C]
D2.1 use appropriate terminology related to energy changes and rates of reaction, including, but not limited to: enthalpy, activation energy, endothermic, exothermic, potential energy, and specific heat capacity [C]
D2.8 plan and conduct an inquiry to determine how various factors (e.g., change in temperature, addition of a catalyst, increase in surface area of a solid reactant) affect the rate of a chemical reaction [IP, PR, AI]
D3.5 explain, using collision theory and potential energy diagrams, how factors such as temperature, the surface area of the reactants, the nature of the reactants, the addition of catalysts, and the concentration of the solution control the rate of a chemical reaction
D3.6 describe simple potential energy diagrams of chemical reactions (e.g., the relationships between the relative energies of reactants and products and the activation energy of the reaction) D3.7 explain, with reference to a simple chemical reaction (e.g., combustion), how the rate of a reaction is determined by the series of elementary steps that make up the overall reaction mechanism
D2.1 use appropriate terminology related to energy changes and rates of reaction, including, but not limited to: enthalpy, activation energy, endothermic, exothermic, potential energy, and specific heat capacity [C]
D2.8 plan and conduct an inquiry to determine how various factors (e.g., change in temperature, addition of a catalyst, increase in surface area of a solid reactant) affect the rate of a chemical reaction [IP, PR, AI]
D3.5 explain, using collision theory and potential energy diagrams, how factors such as temperature, the surface area of the reactants, the nature of the reactants, the addition of catalysts, and the concentration of the solution control the rate of a chemical reaction
D3.6 describe simple potential energy diagrams of chemical reactions (e.g., the relationships between the relative energies of reactants and products and the activation energy of the reaction) D3.7 explain, with reference to a simple chemical reaction (e.g., combustion), how the rate of a reaction is determined by the series of elementary steps that make up the overall reaction mechanism